Journal: BMC Veterinary Research
Article Title: Small extracellular vesicles derived from sequential stimulation of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance anti-inflammatory activity
doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04465-2
Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from conditioned medium of cAD-MSCs after sequential stimulation. A Transmission electron microscope at 200 kV was used to observe a cup-shape morphology of sEVs stained with uranyl acetate. The scale bar represents 200 nm. B Exosomal surface marker CD9 of sEV samples was determined by nanoscale flow cytometry. The isotype control aided in gating for CD9-positive particles in the pink region. C The fold change in CD9 positivity was estimated by normalization with CTRL. D Stability of sEV sample was implied from the zeta-potential. It was characterized by using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. In boxplots, mean values of each group were annotated at the bottom, and global statistics were stated at the top. The bars indicate pairwise comparisons (ns; no significance or p -value > 0.05, *; p -value ≤ 0.05, **; p -value ≤ 0.01, ***; p -value ≤ 0.001, ****; p -value ≤ 0.0001). Abbreviation: CTRL; control condition, IVFG; in vitro fertilization gas pre-conditioning, ES20; electrical stimulation at 20 mV/mm, IVES; sequential stimulation of IVGF and ES20. D1; sEV sample from Day1 collection, D2D3; pooled sEV sample from Day2 and Day3 collections, AU; arbitrary unit, Violet SSC-A; peak area of violet side scatter, and CD9-PB450-A; peak area of Pacific Blue-conjugated CD9 at 450 nm channel
Article Snippet: For staining, 45 μL of the sEV sample was incubated with 5 μL of ExobriteTM 410/450 conjugated anti-CD9 antibody (Biotium, USA) in the dark at room temperature for 30 min. An isotype control, IgG1 kappa antibody, was included for reference.
Techniques: Isolation, Transmission Assay, Microscopy, Staining, Marker, Flow Cytometry, Control, Zeta Potential Analyzer, In Vitro